Below is a list of sources used to support the statistics and information presented throughout the ADHProud campaign.
[1] People with ADHD tend to live around eight years less than people without ADHD. Source: O'Nions, E., El Baou, C., John, A., Lewer, D., Mandy, W., McKechnie, D.G.J., Petersen, I. and Stott, J. (2025) 'Life expectancy and years of life lost for adults with diagnosed ADHD in the UK: matched cohort study', The British Journal of Psychiatry, 226(4), pp. 261–268. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39844532/
[2] People with ADHD are six times more likely to die before the age of 30. Source: Schiavone, N., Virta, M., Leppämäki, S., Launes, J.T., Vanninen, R., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Järvinen, I., Lehto, E., Michelsson, K. and Hokkanen, L. (2022) 'Mortality in individuals with childhood ADHD or subthreshold symptoms – a prospective perinatal risk cohort study over 40 years', BMC Psychiatry, 22, art. no. 325. Available at:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9082906/
[3] People with ADHD are six time as likely to die from suicide. Source: Septier, M., Stordeur, C., Zhang, J., Delorme, R. and Cortese, S. (2019) 'Association between suicidal spectrum behaviors and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 103, pp. 109–118. Available at:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31129238/
[4] People with ADHD are nearly twice as likely to be victims of domestic abuse or sexual violence. Source: Arrondo, G., Osorio, A., Magallón, S., López-Del Burgo, C. and Cortese, S. (2023) 'Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder as a risk factor for being involved in intimate partner violence and sexual violence: a systematic review and meta-analysis', Psychological Medicine, 53(16), pp. 7883–7892. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291723001976
[5] People with ADHD are almost three times more likely to have been bullied as children. Source: Voltas, N., Morales-Hidalgo, P., Hernández‐Martínez, C. and Canals-Sans, J. (2023) 'Self-Perceived Bullying Victimization in Pre-Adolescent Schoolchildren With ADHD', Psicothema, 35(4), pp. 351–363. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2022.360.
[6] People with ADHD are almost four times as likely to become NEET (Not in Education, Employment, or Training) by age 25. Riglin, L., Todd, A., Blakey, R., Shakeshaft, A., Stergiakouli, E., Smith, G.D., Tilling, K. and Thapar, A. (2023) 'Young-Adult Social Outcomes of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder', The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 84(2), art. no. 22m14379. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4088/jcp.22m14379
[7) People with ADHD are almost four times as liour times more likely to experience severe financial problems. Source: Barkley, R.A. (2015) ‘Educational, occupational, dating and marital, and financial impairments in adults with ADHD’, in Barkley, R.A. (ed.) Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Handbook for Diagnosis and Treatment. 4th edn. New York: The Guilford Press, pp. 314–342. [1]
[8] People with ADHD are over two times more likely more likely to have a substance misuse disorder. Source: Groenman, A.P., Janssen, T.W.P. and Oosterlaan, J. (2027) 'Childhood Psychiatric Disorders as Risk Factor for Subsequent Substance Abuse: A Meta-Analysis', Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 56(7), pp. 556–569. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.05.004
[9 People with ADHD are five to ten times more likely to end up in prison. Source: Young, S., Moss, D., Sedgwick, O., Fridman, M. and Hodgkins, P. (2015) 'A meta-analysis of the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in incarcerated populations', Psychological Medicine, 45(2), pp. 247–258. Available at: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4301200/
References & Sources
[10] Providing appropriate ADHD diagnosis, support and treatment could improve life expectancy by up to 9 years. Source:Barkley, R.A. and Fischer, M. (2019) Hyperactive Child Syndrome and Estimated Life Expectancy at Young Adult Follow-Up: The Role of ADHD Persistence and Other Potential Predictors. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(9), pp. 907–923.